四柱(zhu)壓力機對工(gong)作介質(zhi)的基本要求
①有合適的流動(dong)性和低的可(ke)壓(ya)縮(suo)性,以前進傳動(dong)的功(gong)率;
②能防銹蝕
③有好的(de)光滑功用;
④易于密封;
⑤功用安(an)穩,長時間工作而不蛻(tui)變。
四(si)柱(zhu)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)(li)機開(kai)始用水(shui)(shui)作(zuo)為工作(zuo)介(jie)質,往(wang)后改(gai)用在水(shui)(shui)中參與少數乳(ru)(ru)化油(you)(you)(you)(you)而(er)成的乳(ru)(ru)化液(ye)(ye),以增加光滑(hua)性(xing)和(he)減少銹蝕。19世(shi)紀后期出(chu)現了(le)以礦物(wu)油(you)(you)(you)(you)為工作(zuo)介(jie)質的四(si)柱(zhu)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)(li)機。油(you)(you)(you)(you)有杰出(chu)的光滑(hua)性(xing)、防腐(fu)蝕性(xing)和(he)適度的粘性(xing),有利于改(gai)進四(si)柱(zhu)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)(li)機的功用。20世(shi)紀下(xia)半(ban)葉出(chu)現了(le)新(xin)式的水(shui)(shui)基乳(ru)(ru)化液(ye)(ye),其乳(ru)(ru)化形(xing)狀是(shi)“油(you)(you)(you)(you)包水(shui)(shui)”,而(er)不是(shi)正本(ben)的“水(shui)(shui)包油(you)(you)(you)(you)”。“油(you)(you)(you)(you)包水(shui)(shui)”乳(ru)(ru)化液(ye)(ye)的外相為油(you)(you)(you)(you),它的光滑(hua)性(xing)和(he)防蝕性(xing)挨近油(you)(you)(you)(you),且含油(you)(you)(you)(you)量很少,不易(yi)焚(fen)燒(shao)。但水(shui)(shui)基乳(ru)(ru)化液(ye)(ye)報(bao)價較貴,約束了(le)它的推廣。四(si)柱(zhu)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)(li)機是(shi)油(you)(you)(you)(you)泵把(ba)液(ye)(ye)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)油(you)(you)(you)(you)輸送(song)到集成插裝(zhuang)閥(fa)塊(kuai),通(tong)過(guo)各個單向閥(fa)和(he)溢流閥(fa)把(ba)液(ye)(ye)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)油(you)(you)(you)(you)分配到油(you)(you)(you)(you)缸(gang)的上腔或許下(xia)腔,在高壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)油(you)(you)(you)(you)的作(zuo)用下(xia),使油(you)(you)(you)(you)缸(gang)進行運動(dong)。四(si)柱(zhu)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)(li)機是(shi)運用液(ye)(ye)體來傳遞壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)(li)的設備。液(ye)(ye)體在密(mi)閉的容(rong)器中傳遞壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)(li)時是(shi)遵從帕斯卡定律(lv)。